Conjunctive Adverbs

An adverb used as a conjunction is called a conjunctive adverb. Below are some examples.

however
accordingly
on the other hand
moreover
in addition
otherwise

therefore
for this reason
furthermore
still
at the same time
thus

consequently
for example
besides
likewise
nevertheless
hence

When we write, these adverbs help us to make smooth transitions from one thought to another. Notice that a comma follows the conjunctive adverb.

  • I would like to plant squash, cucumbers, and pumpkins in the garden today; however, frost is expected tomorrow.
  • The weather has turned cold. Therefore, I shall wait another week before planting.
  • Nan must provide food and water for her horses daily. In addition, she must exercise them, bathe them, and clean their stalls.
  • Sam and his brother collect antique signs; likewise, their cousin collects old tools.

If two sentences are joined, then the conjunctive adverb is preceded by a semicolon. Using a comma where a semicolon is needed creates a run-on sentence:

  • NO: Lisa usually curls her pigtails, however, today she braided them.
  • YES: Lisa usually curls her pigtails; however, today she braided them.

Examples 1

Write the adverb used as a conjunction from each sentence.

  1. Her feet have blisters; still, she must keep walking.
  2. Bob has learned the meaning of many Greek prefixes; consequently, his vocabulary is growing.
  3. The student is wearing purple pants; therefore, she is out of school uniform.
  4. Some people do not eat enough fruits and vegetables; moreover, they eat too much junk food.
  5. I left my math and history books at home; furthermore, I forgot my homework.

Solutions

  1. still
  2. consequently
  3. therefore
  4. moreover
  5. furthermore

Examples 2

Rewrite each sentence with correct punctuation, adding semicolons and commas.

  1. We plant in spring however we must wait for good weather.
  2. Dan has completed his chores therefore he can relax.
  3. We shall think before we speak otherwise we might offend people.
  4. Mary had a strict elementary school teacher hence she behaved.

Solutions

  1. We plant in spring; however, we must wait for good weather.
  2. Dan has completed his chores; therefore, he can relax
  3. We shall think before we speak; otherwise, we might offend people.
  4. Mary had a struct elementary school teacher; hence, she behaved.